converting binary to decimal

In the past few days, I have been testing various different ways to convert binary numbers to decimal. In the next little script I demonstrate two ways that I designed. One is called Bin2BigInt() which looks slower, and the other is Bin2Dec(). They both do the exact same thing but using a different scheme. You pass a binary number such as "1110101" and the functions output an integer in base 10, which could be any length. Bin2Dec() uses tr/// operator and a regex replace to perform the addition on bigints, while Bin2BigInt() relies on a sub called BIGADD() which adds two bigints digit by digit and returns the sum.

A third scheme could implement a little trick to speed up the conversion by looking for consecutive patches of 1s in the input string... So, let's say we have a number like this: "1111111111110000000000" In this case, we could calculate 2^22 and then subtract 2^10 like so:

 10000000000000000000000 = 4194304
-            10000000000 = 1024
---------------------------------------
  1111111111110000000000 = 4193280 <= This is the result we're looking
+ for!
[download]

The idea is that performing a single subtraction would be faster than performing an addition every time we encounter a '1' digit in the input string. But I'm not sure how much time this would gain. And the gain would be absolutely non-existent for numbers like "1010101011101010101000101010101010101010000000000101010100101010101001101100000101010101" in which there aren't too many repeating 1s.


#!/usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;
use warnings;
$| = 1;

RunTests(
     '', '0',
     'what?', '0',
     '0', '0',
     '1', '1',
     '11', '3',
     '0001', '1',
     '1011', '11',
     '1111', '15',
     '11111111', '255',
     'yay 1__1 Lol', '3',
     '11111111111111111111111111111111', '4294967295',
     '10101010101010101010101010101010', '2863311530',
     '00000000001111111111110000000000', '4193280',
     '100011111111110011111011001101000', '4831442536',               
+                       # 33-bit value
     '11111111111000111111111100111110110010001000110', '1406773524818
+62',                   # 47-bit value
     '111111111111000000000000000000000000000000000000', '281406257233
+920',                  # 48-bit value
     '1111111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000', '56281251446
+7840',                 # 49-bit value
     '0000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000111000
+', '1024819115206086200',     # 60-bit value
     '1111111111111111100000000000000001111111111111111000000000000000
+', '18446603338368647168',    # 64-bit value
     '1100111100100110000001111110111000110101010101010101010101010101
+', '14926626734644483413',    # 64-bit value
     '1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
+', '18446744073709551615',    # 64-bit value
     '1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0', '18446744073709551616',   # 65-bit value
  # 112-bit value:
     '1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
+111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111', '51922968585348276
+28530496329220095',
     '1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', '5192296858534827
+628530496329220096',
  # 360-bit value:
     '1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
+111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
+111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
+111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
+111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
+11111111111111111111', '234854258277383322788948059678933702737568254
+8908319870707290971532209025114608443463698998384768703031934975',
  # 1500-bit value:
     '1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
+00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', '175373310
+552170193738137939801404289967620079401654144120378990123954819252816
+611018285404432924846308265752033977187586996472744707349798770855194
+590023504239449782426645486322434013557917314732683410921700693147256
+777291324731712626918096946574803223325262758757211677546245866805651
+778980548549427903371569771051088289237163133803665023766376585960668
+373517816863916485209966135263316668342549760000875266777645294402170
+91269193357761841856604274688'
);

print "\nDon't panic. Your computer did not crash.\nThe following oper
+ation may take a few seconds.\n";
print "\nConverting 4096-digit binary number to decimal using Bin2Dec(
+) and Bin2BigInt()\nPlease wait...";

# Generate a 4096-digit binary number:
RunTests('1' . '0' x 4096, '104438888141315250669175271071662438257996
+424904738378038423348328395390797155745684882681193499755834089010671
+443926283798757343818579360726323608785136527794595697654370999834036
+159013438371831442807001185594622637631883939771274567233468434458661
+749680790870580370407128404874011860911446797778359802900668693897688
+178778594690563019026094059957945343282346930302669644305902501597239
+986771421554169383555988529148631823791443449673408781187263949647510
+018904134900841706167509366833385055103297208826955076998361636941193
+301521379682583718809183365675122131849284636812555022599830041234478
+486259567449219461702380650591324561082573183538008760862210283427019
+769820231316901767800667519548507992163641937028537512478401490715913
+545998279051339961155179427110683113409058427288427979155484978295432
+353451706522326906139490598769300212296339568778287894844061600741294
+567491982305057164237715481632138063104590291613692670834285644073044
+789997190178146576347322385026725305989979599609079946920177462481771
+844986745565925017832907047311943316555080756822184657174637329688491
+281952031745700244092661691087414838507841192980452298185733897764810
+312608590300130241346718972667321649151113160292078173803343609024380
+4708340403154190336');

print "\nConverting 8192-digit binary number to decimal using Bin2Dec(
+) and Bin2BigInt()\nPlease wait...";

# Generate a 8192-digit binary number:
RunTests('1' . '0' x 8192, '109074813561941592946298424473378286244826
+416199623269243183278618972133184911929521626423452520198722395729179
+615702527310987082017718406361097976507755479907890629884219298953860
+982522804820515969685161359163819677188654260932456012129055390188630
+101790025253579991720001007960002653583680090529780588095235050163019
+547565391100531236456001484742603529355124584392891875276869627934408
+805561751569434994540667782514081490061610592025643850457801332649356
+583604724240738244281224513151775751916489922636574372243227736807502
+762788304520650179276170094569916849725787968385173704999690096112051
+565505011556127149149251534210574896662954703278632150573082843022166
+497032439613863525162640951616800542762343599630892169144618118740639
+531066540488573943483287742816740749537099351186875635997039011702182
+361674945862096985700626361208270671540815706657513728102702231092756
+491027675916052087830463241104936456875492096732298245918476342738379
+027244843801852697776494107271561158043469082745933999196141424274141
+059911742606055648376375631452761136265862838336862115799363802087853
+767554533678991569423443395566631507008721353547025567031200413072549
+583450835743965382893607708097855057891296790735278005493562156109079
+584517295411597292747987752773856000820411855893000477774872776185381
+351049384058186159865221160596030835640594182118971403786872621948149
+872760365361629885617482241303348543878532402475141941718301228107820
+972930353737280457437209522870362277636394529086980625842235514850757
+103961938744962986680818876966281577815307939317909314364834076173858
+181956300299442279075495506128881830843007964869323217915876591803556
+521615711540299212027615560787310793747746684152836298770869945015203
+123186259420308569383894465706134623670423402682110295895495119708707
+654618662279629453645162075650935101890602377382153953277620867697858
+973196633030889330466516943618507835064156833694453005143749131129883
+436726523859540490427345592872394952522718461740436785475461047437701
+976802557660588103807727070771794222197709038543858584409549211609985
+253890397465570394397308609093059696336076752996493841459818570596375
+456149735582781362383328890630900428801732142480866396267133352800923
+275835087305961411872378142210146019861574738685509689608918918044133
+955852482286754111321263879367556765034036297003193002339782846531854
+723824423202801518968966041882297600081543761065225427016359565087543
+385114712321422726660540358178146909080657646895058766199718650566547
+5715792896');

print "\nNow we will convert 5000 random 128-bit binary numbers using 
+Bin2BigInt().\nPress ENTER to begin...";
$a = <STDIN>;

my $DEC;
my $TIME = time;
for (my $count = 0; $count < 5000; $count++)
{
  my $random = '';
  for (my $bits = 0; $bits < 128; $bits++)
  {
    $random .= (rand(300) > 150) ? '1' : '0';
  }
  $DEC = Bin2BigInt($random);
  print "\n $random => $DEC";
}
print("\n", time - $TIME, ' secs.');

print "\n\nNow we will convert 5000 random 128-bit binary numbers usin
+g Bin2Dec().\nPress ENTER to begin...";
$a = <STDIN>;

$TIME = time;
for (my $count = 0; $count < 5000; $count++)
{
  my $random = '';
  for (my $bits = 0; $bits < 128; $bits++)
  {
    $random .= (rand(300) > 150) ? '1' : '0';
  }
  $DEC = Bin2Dec($random);
  print "\n $random => $DEC";
}
print("\n", time - $TIME, ' secs.');

print "\n\n";

exit;

####################################################################
# RUN TESTS:
#
sub RunTests
{
  my $i = 0;
  my $ERR = 0;
  while ($i < @_)
  {
    my $THIS_OK = 1;
    my $BIN = $_[$i++];
    my $CORRECT = $_[$i++];
    my $DEC1 = Bin2Dec($BIN);
    my $DEC2 = Bin2BigInt($BIN);
    if ($CORRECT ne $DEC1)
    {
      print "\nBin2Dec('$BIN') outputs:\n$DEC1 when it should be:\n$CO
+RRECT\n";
      $THIS_OK = 0;
      $ERR++;
    }
    if ($CORRECT ne $DEC2)
    {
      print "\nBin2BigInt('$BIN') outputs:\n$DEC2 when it should be:\n
+$CORRECT\n";
      $THIS_OK = 0;
      $ERR++;
    }
    $THIS_OK and print "\nOK  $DEC1";
  }
  print "\n\n $ERR ERRORS.\n\n";
  return !$ERR;
}
####################################################################
#
# This function takes a binary number of any size made up of
# 1s and 0s and returns a decimal number (base 10).
#
# This function can convert a 64-bit or 128-bit binary number to
# a decimal number even when 32-bit processor is used. Regardless
# of processor architecture, it will work on any machine.
#
# The input string can contain any number of digits. Any character
# other than 1s and 0s is going to be ignored. The output number
# is going to be a big integer which may contain hundreds or
# even thousands of digits.
#
# Usage: STRING = Bin2Dec(STRING)
#
sub Bin2Dec
{
  defined $_[0] or return 0;
  my $B = $_[0];
  $B =~ tr|01||cd;                          # Remove illegal chars
  $B =~ s/^0+//;                            # Remove preceding zeros
  (my $L = length($B)) or return 0;         # Return 0
  $L > 32 or return oct('0b' . $B);         # Is it 32 bits or less?
  my $DEC = oct('0b' . substr($B, -32));    # Convert last 32 bits
  $B = substr($B, 0, -32);                  # Remove last 32 bits
  # Convert number up to 49 bits:
  $L < 50 and return $DEC + oct('0b' . $B) * 4294967296;

  my $i;
  my $N;
  my $PWR = "\x06\x09\x02\x07\x06\x09\x04\x09\x02\x04";  # 4294967296
  $DEC =~ tr|0-9|\x00-\x09|;
  $DEC = reverse($DEC);
  $L -= 32;
  my $PWR2 = 4294967296;
  while ($L-- >= 0)
  {
    if (chop($B))   # Is the next binary digit a '1' ?
    {
      # Perform simple addition: $DEC += $PWR
      $i = (length($PWR) >> 2) + 2;
      while ($i-- > 0)
      {
        vec($DEC, $i, 32) += vec($PWR, $i, 32);
      }
      # Perform carry operation:
      while ($DEC =~ s/([^\x00-\x09])(.)/ $N = ord($1); pack('CC', cho
+p($N), $N + ord($2)) /esg) {}
      $DEC =~ s/([^\x00-\x09])$/ $N = ord($1); pack('CC', chop($N), $N
+) /es;
    }

    # Here we calculate the next power of two.
    # We shift each byte of $PWR to the left by 1.
    # The fastest way to do this is using the tr/// operator.
    # Each digit 0-9 is represented as an ASCII character
    # from \0 to \x09 and so once shifted, the numbers then
    # become \x00 to \x12. After this, we perform a carry operation.
    # Note: $PWR stores numbers backwards, so "4096" would be
    # represented as "\x06\x09\x00\x04".

    # Multiply each digit by 2:
    $PWR =~ tr|\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09\x0A\x0C\x0E\x1
+0\x12\x14\x18\x1C\x20\x24\x28\x30\x38\x40\x48\x70|\x00\x02\x04\x06\x0
+8\x0A\x0C\x0E\x10\x12\x14\x18\x1C\x20\x24\x28\x30\x38\x40\x48\x50\x60
+\x70\x80\x90\xE0|;

    # Next, we perform the carry operation again:
    while ($PWR =~ s/([^\x00-\x09]{1})(.)/ $N = ord($1); pack('CC', ch
+op($N), $N + ord($2)) /esg) {}
    $PWR =~ s/([^\x00-\x09]{1})$/ $N = ord($1); pack('CC', chop($N), $
+N) /es;
  }
  $DEC =~ tr|\x00-\x09|0-9|;
  $DEC =~ s/0+$//;
  $DEC = reverse($DEC);
  return $DEC;
}
####################################################################
#
# This function converts a binary number from base 2 to base 10
# using BIGADD() function which is slower.
# Accepts any number of digits.
#
# Usage: STRING = Bin2BigInt(STRING)
#
sub Bin2BigInt
{
  my $N = defined $_[0] ? $_[0] : '';
  $N =~ tr|01||cd;  # Remove everything except 1s and 0s
  $N =~ s/^0+//;    # Remove initial zeros
  my $L = length($N);
  if ($L == 0) { return '0'; }
  if ($L <= 32) { return oct('0b' . $N); }
  my $OUTPUT = oct('0b' . substr($N, -32));
  my $PWR = 4294967296;
  $L -= 32;
  while ($L--)
  {
    if (length($PWR) < 15)
    {
      if (vec($N, $L, 8) == 49) { $OUTPUT += $PWR; }
      $PWR += $PWR;
    }
    else
    {
      if (vec($N, $L, 8) == 49) { $OUTPUT = BIGADD($OUTPUT, $PWR); }
      $PWR = BIGADD($PWR, $PWR);
    }
  }
  return $OUTPUT;
}
####################################################################
#
# This function adds two big positive integers in base 10 and
# returns the sum. There is no error checking done, so make sure
# to only provide digits in the arguments. Any non-digit character
# will mess up the output.
#
# The 1st and 2nd arguments must contain two big integers that have
# to be added. The 3rd and 4th arguments shift these integers to
# the left or right before the addition. For example:
# BIGADD(4, 5, 1, 0) would shift 4 to the right by 1,
# so it would become 40, and then 40 + 5 = 45.
#
# Usage: BIGINT_SUM = BIGADD(BIGINT_A, BIGINT_B, SHIFT_A, SHIFT_B)
#
sub BIGADD
{
  no warnings;
  my $A = defined $_[0] ? $_[0] : '';
  my $B = defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : '';
  $A =~ s/^0//g; $A =~ tr|0-9||cd;
  $B =~ s/^0//g; $B =~ tr|0-9||cd;
  my $AL = length($A) + int($_[2]);
  my $BL = length($B) + int($_[3]);
  my $P = ($AL > $BL ? $AL : $BL) + 1;
  my $CARRY = 0;
  my $SUM = '';
  while ($P--)
  {
    my $DIGIT = (($CARRY >> 1) & 1) +
        (vec($A, --$AL, 8) & 15) +
        (vec($B, --$BL, 8) & 15);
    vec($SUM, $P, 8) = $DIGIT + ($CARRY = ($DIGIT > 9) ? 38 : 48);
  }
  $SUM =~ s/^0+//;  # Discard preceding zeros
  return (length($SUM)) ? $SUM : 0;
}
[download]

Comment on converting binary to decimal Select or Download Code

Replies are listed 'Best First'.
Re: converting binary to decimal by tybalt89 (Monsignor) on Jun 06, 2025 at 04:16 UTC
Have you considered grouping digits like the big* routines? This runs in under 70 milliseconds. #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; # https://perlmonks.org/?node_id=11165274 use warnings; my $size = 18; # NOTE may depend on word size my $n = 10 ** $size; # NOTE size needed for zero padding in sprintf my @number = 0; my $binary = 1 . 0 x 8192; for ( split //, $binary ) { my $carry = $_; for ( @number ) { $_ += $_ + $carry; $carry = int $_ / $n; $_ %= $n; } $carry and push @number, $carry; } my $decimal = (join '', map sprintf('%0*d', $size, $_), reverse @numbe +r) =~ s/0+(?=.)//r; #use Data::Dump 'dd'; dd $binary; print "$decimal\n"; [download] Outputs: 1090748135619415929462984244733782862448264161996232692431832786189721 +331849119295216264234525201987223957291796157025273109870820177184063 +610979765077554799078906298842192989538609825228048205159696851613591 +638196771886542609324560121290553901886301017900252535799917200010079 +600026535836800905297805880952350501630195475653911005312364560014847 +426035293551245843928918752768696279344088055617515694349945406677825 +140814900616105920256438504578013326493565836047242407382442812245131 +517757519164899226365743722432277368075027627883045206501792761700945 +699168497257879683851737049996900961120515655050115561271491492515342 +105748966629547032786321505730828430221664970324396138635251626409516 +168005427623435996308921691446181187406395310665404885739434832877428 +167407495370993511868756359970390117021823616749458620969857006263612 +082706715408157066575137281027022310927564910276759160520878304632411 +049364568754920967322982459184763427383790272448438018526977764941072 +715611580434690827459339991961414242741410599117426060556483763756314 +527611362658628383368621157993638020878537675545336789915694234433955 +666315070087213535470255670312004130725495834508357439653828936077080 +978550578912967907352780054935621561090795845172954115972927479877527 +738560008204118558930004777748727761853813510493840581861598652211605 +960308356405941821189714037868726219481498727603653616298856174822413 +033485438785324024751419417183012281078209729303537372804574372095228 +703622776363945290869806258422355148507571039619387449629866808188769 +662815778153079393179093143648340761738581819563002994422790754955061 +288818308430079648693232179158765918035565216157115402992120276155607 +873107937477466841528362987708699450152031231862594203085693838944657 +061346236704234026821102958954951197087076546186622796294536451620756 +509351018906023773821539532776208676978589731966330308893304665169436 +185078350641568336944530051437491311298834367265238595404904273455928 +723949525227184617404367854754610474377019768025576605881038077270707 +717942221977090385438585844095492116099852538903974655703943973086090 +930596963360767529964938414598185705963754561497355827813623833288906 +309004288017321424808663962671333528009232758350873059614118723781422 +101460198615747386855096896089189180441339558524822867541113212638793 +675567650340362970031930023397828465318547238244232028015189689660418 +822976000815437610652254270163595650875433851147123214227266605403581 +781469090806576468950587661997186505665475715792896 [download]	[reply] [d/l] [select]
Re: converting binary to decimal by hippo (Archbishop) on Jun 05, 2025 at 18:48 UTC
Why are you not using bigint? 🦛	[reply]
Re^2: converting binary to decimal by LanX (Saint) on Jun 06, 2025 at 14:02 UTC
> using `bigint` FWIW `use v5.12; use warnings; use bigint; #say my $bin = join "", map { int rand(2) ? '0': '1' } 1..100; say $bin = 1 . 0 x 8192 ; say oct("0b".$bin);` [download] 1090748135619415929462984244733782862448264161996232692431832786189721 +331849119295216264234525201987223957291796157025273109870820177184063 +610979765077554799078906298842192989538609825228048205159696851613591 +638196771886542609324560121290553901886301017900252535799917200010079 +600026535836800905297805880952350501630195475653911005312364560014847 +426035293551245843928918752768696279344088055617515694349945406677825 +140814900616105920256438504578013326493565836047242407382442812245131 +517757519164899226365743722432277368075027627883045206501792761700945 +699168497257879683851737049996900961120515655050115561271491492515342 +105748966629547032786321505730828430221664970324396138635251626409516 +168005427623435996308921691446181187406395310665404885739434832877428 +167407495370993511868756359970390117021823616749458620969857006263612 +082706715408157066575137281027022310927564910276759160520878304632411 +049364568754920967322982459184763427383790272448438018526977764941072 +715611580434690827459339991961414242741410599117426060556483763756314 +527611362658628383368621157993638020878537675545336789915694234433955 +666315070087213535470255670312004130725495834508357439653828936077080 +978550578912967907352780054935621561090795845172954115972927479877527 +738560008204118558930004777748727761853813510493840581861598652211605 +960308356405941821189714037868726219481498727603653616298856174822413 +033485438785324024751419417183012281078209729303537372804574372095228 +703622776363945290869806258422355148507571039619387449629866808188769 +662815778153079393179093143648340761738581819563002994422790754955061 +288818308430079648693232179158765918035565216157115402992120276155607 +873107937477466841528362987708699450152031231862594203085693838944657 +061346236704234026821102958954951197087076546186622796294536451620756 +509351018906023773821539532776208676978589731966330308893304665169436 +185078350641568336944530051437491311298834367265238595404904273455928 +723949525227184617404367854754610474377019768025576605881038077270707 +717942221977090385438585844095492116099852538903974655703943973086090 +930596963360767529964938414598185705963754561497355827813623833288906 +309004288017321424808663962671333528009232758350873059614118723781422 +101460198615747386855096896089189180441339558524822867541113212638793 +675567650340362970031930023397828465318547238244232028015189689660418 +822976000815437610652254270163595650875433851147123214227266605403581 +781469090806576468950587661997186505665475715792896 [download] Cheers Rolf _{(addicted to the Perl Programming Language :) see Wikisyntax for the Monastery}	[reply] [d/l] [select]
Re^2: converting binary to decimal by LanX (Saint) on Jun 05, 2025 at 20:09 UTC
Have you never heard of TinyPerl? 😳 Cheers Rolf _{(addicted to the Perl Programming Language :) see Wikisyntax for the Monastery}	[reply]
Re^3: converting binary to decimal by harangzsolt33 (Deacon) on Jun 06, 2025 at 01:30 UTC
TinyPerl does have a BigInt module, but I wanted to come up with my own different approach.	[reply]
Re^2: converting binary to decimal by harangzsolt33 (Deacon) on Jun 06, 2025 at 01:29 UTC
Well, that's like asking "Why don't you just buy an airplane ticket?" from someone who built a model airplane.	[reply]
Re^3: converting binary to decimal by hippo (Archbishop) on Jun 06, 2025 at 08:53 UTC
Except that you have posted this in the Cool Uses For Perl section which explains right at the top: This section is the place to post useful code Nowhere in your OP have you stated that this code isn't intended for productive use. Perhaps you meant to post it somewhere else? 🦛	[reply]
Re^4: converting binary to decimal by Anonymous Monk on Jun 06, 2025 at 14:51 UTC
Re^5: converting binary to decimal by pryrt (Abbot) on Jun 06, 2025 at 17:49 UTC
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Re: converting binary to decimal by tybalt89 (Monsignor) on Jun 06, 2025 at 11:01 UTC
A little simpler, and slightly faster :) `#!/usr/bin/perl use strict; # https://perlmonks.org/?node_id=11165274 use warnings; print binary2decimal( 1 . 0 x 8192 ), "\n"; sub binary2decimal { my $n = 0; $n = (0 . $n =~ tr/1-9/246802468/r \| $n =~ tr/1-9/00001/r . $_) =~ s/^0+(?=.)//r for split //, shift; return $n; }` [download] Outputs: 1090748135619415929462984244733782862448264161996232692431832786189721 +331849119295216264234525201987223957291796157025273109870820177184063 +610979765077554799078906298842192989538609825228048205159696851613591 +638196771886542609324560121290553901886301017900252535799917200010079 +600026535836800905297805880952350501630195475653911005312364560014847 +426035293551245843928918752768696279344088055617515694349945406677825 +140814900616105920256438504578013326493565836047242407382442812245131 +517757519164899226365743722432277368075027627883045206501792761700945 +699168497257879683851737049996900961120515655050115561271491492515342 +105748966629547032786321505730828430221664970324396138635251626409516 +168005427623435996308921691446181187406395310665404885739434832877428 +167407495370993511868756359970390117021823616749458620969857006263612 +082706715408157066575137281027022310927564910276759160520878304632411 +049364568754920967322982459184763427383790272448438018526977764941072 +715611580434690827459339991961414242741410599117426060556483763756314 +527611362658628383368621157993638020878537675545336789915694234433955 +666315070087213535470255670312004130725495834508357439653828936077080 +978550578912967907352780054935621561090795845172954115972927479877527 +738560008204118558930004777748727761853813510493840581861598652211605 +960308356405941821189714037868726219481498727603653616298856174822413 +033485438785324024751419417183012281078209729303537372804574372095228 +703622776363945290869806258422355148507571039619387449629866808188769 +662815778153079393179093143648340761738581819563002994422790754955061 +288818308430079648693232179158765918035565216157115402992120276155607 +873107937477466841528362987708699450152031231862594203085693838944657 +061346236704234026821102958954951197087076546186622796294536451620756 +509351018906023773821539532776208676978589731966330308893304665169436 +185078350641568336944530051437491311298834367265238595404904273455928 +723949525227184617404367854754610474377019768025576605881038077270707 +717942221977090385438585844095492116099852538903974655703943973086090 +930596963360767529964938414598185705963754561497355827813623833288906 +309004288017321424808663962671333528009232758350873059614118723781422 +101460198615747386855096896089189180441339558524822867541113212638793 +675567650340362970031930023397828465318547238244232028015189689660418 +822976000815437610652254270163595650875433851147123214227266605403581 +781469090806576468950587661997186505665475715792896 [download]	[reply] [d/l] [select]
Re^2: converting binary to decimal by Anonymous Monk on Jun 06, 2025 at 14:46 UTC
What!? :-O O.o How does this work? For example, you pass an argument, but in your sub you do not refer to $_[0] not even once. I don't understand this.	[reply]
Re^3: converting binary to decimal by LanX (Saint) on Jun 06, 2025 at 15:06 UTC
It's consecutive doubling and adding from left to right the first `tr` doubles every digit mod 10 `1->2, ... 5->0, 6->2,...` the second tr adds a carry bit for every 5-9 -> 1 since the next bit is appended, the carry bit is shifted to the left the `\|` does a `bitwise or` which adds the bits � for example if $n == "08" and the next bit is "1", you'll get `"06" \| "11" == "17"` and so on. tybalt loves constructing� regex-automatons on strings Cheers Rolf _{(addicted to the Perl Programming Language :) see Wikisyntax for the Monastery} �) cryptic �) this part is a bit (sic ;) voodoo for me	[reply] [d/l] [select]
Re^4: converting binary to decimal by harangzsolt33 (Deacon) on Jun 06, 2025 at 17:51 UTC
Re^5: converting binary to decimal by LanX (Saint) on Jun 06, 2025 at 21:57 UTC
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Re^3: converting binary to decimal by tybalt89 (Monsignor) on Jun 06, 2025 at 14:51 UTC
`shift` in a sub shifts `@_`, the array that holds the sub's arguments.	[reply] [d/l] [select]
Re^4: converting binary to decimal by Anonymous Monk on Jun 06, 2025 at 15:00 UTC
Re^5: converting binary to decimal by tybalt89 (Monsignor) on Jun 06, 2025 at 15:28 UTC
Re^5: converting binary to decimal by afoken (Chancellor) on Jun 06, 2025 at 15:52 UTC
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