map{binmode$_}\*STDIN,\*STDOUT;sub r{my($n,$s,$c)=@_;$c=$$n[0];return$1{$c}=$s
if!ref($c);map r($$c[$_],$s.$_),0,1;}sub h{$/=\1;$0{$_}++,$,.=$_ while<>;@_=map
[$_,$0{$_}],keys%0;while(@_>1){@_=sort{$$b[1]<=>$$a[1]}@_;$l=pop;$r=pop;push@_
,[[$l,$r],$$l[1]+$$r[1]];}r pop;$,=~s/./$1{$&}/gs;pack"SB*",$.,$,;}print h;

##</code><code>##

$"=$_;map{binmode$_}\*STDIN,\*STDOUT;sub r{my($n,$s,$t,$c)=@_;$c=$$n[0];return
$,++,$_{$c}=$s,push@0,pack"aCB16",$c,$t,$s if!ref($c);map r($$c[$_],$s.$_,$t+1
),0,1}sub h{$/=\1;$0{$_}++,$;.=$_ while<>;@_=map[$_,$0{$_}],keys%0;while(@_>1)
{@_=sort{$$b[1]<=>$$a[1]}@_;$l=pop;$r=pop;push@_,[[$l,$r],$$l[1]+$$r[1]]}r pop
;$;=~s/./$_{$&}/gs;chr($,)."@0".pack("SB*",$.,$;)}print h

##</code><code>##

$/=$_;map{binmode$_}\*STDIN,\*STDOUT;while($"=<>){map{$/=substr$",0,4,'';($,,
$;)=unpack"aC",$/;$_{(unpack"aCB$;",$/)[2]}=$,}1..ord substr$",0,1,'';($,,$")
=unpack"SB*",$";map{$;=1;$;++ until exists$_{substr$",0,$;};$\.=$_{substr$",0
,$;,""}}1..$,;print""}

##</code><code>##

$"=$/=$_;map{binmode$_}\*STDIN,\*STDOUT;sub r{my($n,$s,$t,$c)=@_;$c=$$n[0];
return$,++,$_{$c}=$s,push@0,pack"aCB16",$c,$t,$s if!ref($c);map r($$c[$_],
$s.$_,$t+1),0,1}sub h{$/=\1;$0{$_}++,$;.=$_ while<>;@_=map[$_,$0{$_}],keys
%0;while(@_>1){@_=sort{$$b[1]<=>$$a[1]}@_;$l=pop;$r=pop;push@_,[[$l,$r],
$$l[1]+$$r[1]]}r pop;$;=~s/./$_{$&}/gs;chr($,)."@0".pack("SB*",$.,$;)}if(
pop@ARGV){while($"=<>){map{$/=substr$",0,4,'';($,,$;)=unpack"aC",$/;$_{(
unpack"aCB$;",$/)[2]}=$,}1..ord substr$",0,1,'';($,,$")=unpack"SB*",$";map{
$;=1;$;++ until exists$_{substr$",0,$;};$\.=$_{substr$",0,$;,""}}1..$,;print
""}}else{print h}