Some points. Make life easier on yourself :) A Raspberry Pi 3 has Quad core ARM, @ 1.2GHz, 1GB RAM, has wired and wireless networking, Bluetooth and Blutooth LE, has GPIO and USB to talk to whatever else you wish. Storage, stick in a large Micro SD card, (optionally) add a couple of USB thumb drives, backup data (along with your config data & code) remotely should the bees attack (or you know, legitimate disaster recovery).
Weather/environment proof cases are relatively cheap, or if you have time fairly easy to build. You could run your data logging and code and host the website on the Pi, restricting access as you wish. I'd opt for SQLite over mysql (consider also a lighter web server such as lighttpd), you could have real time (ish) charting returning JSON data to some of todays modern JavaScript charting solutions. I've been playing with Mojolicious (see also Mojolicious::Lite) and find it to be a nice modern framework to build upon.
Update: added some more links.