I can answers your first question by answering your second one. If you made all the first elements of your array references Regexp objects:
$_->[0] = qr/\b(\Q$_->[0]\E)b/ for @corrections_to_make;
then you could do your loop as
for my $crummy_good_ar (@corrections_to_make) {
my ($crummy, $good) = @$crummy_good_ar;
$file_in_string_form =~ s/$crummy/$good/ig;
}
This way, even if you end up looping over THAT code, you'd still be dealing with already-compiled regexes. As soon as you put additional text into a regex with qr// in it:
my $rx = qr/abc/;
if ($str =~ /^($rx)$/) { ... }
Perl has to do the "compare physical regex forms" test. Only if the qr// object is all alone will it have the entire benefits it was made for.