Greetings. With the code down below I get the this error:

What is the right way to allow Net::MQTT::Simple::SSL to manage self-signed certificates?

#!/usr/bin/perl

use Config::Tiny;
use Net::MQTT::Simple::SSL;
use strict;
use warnings;

my $config = $0;
$config =~ s/\.pl$/.config/;

my $configuration = Config::Tiny->read($config)
    or die("Could not read configuration file '$config': $!\n");

my $cpath = '/home/me/Certs';
my $mqtt = Net::MQTT::Simple::SSL->new("203.0.113.46:8883", {
   SSL_ca_file   => "$cpath/certificate-authority.crt",
   SSL_cert_file => "$cpath/notifications-client.crt",
   SSL_key_file  => "$cpath/notifications-client.key",
   # SSL_verify_mode => 0,
});

$mqtt->login($configuration->{mqtt}->{account},
             $configuration->{mqtt}->{password} );
$mqtt->subscribe('notifications', \&received);
$mqtt->run();

$mqtt->disconnect();

exit(0);

sub received {
    my ($topic, $message) = (@_);

    if ( $message =~ m/\x3b/ 
         || $message =~ m/[\x00-\x08\x0a-\x1f]/ ) {
        warn "notify\tMalformed message\n";
    } elsif ( $topic =~ m/\x3b/ 
         || $topic =~ m/[\x00-\x08\x0a-\x1f]/ ) {
        warn "notify\tMalformed message\n";
    } else {
        my ($title, $message) = ( $message =~ m/^([^\x09]+)\t(.*)$/ );
        system("notify-send", "--icon=info", $title, $message);
    }
}
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If I uncomment SSL_verify_mode then it connects, but that seems rather unsafe and may partially defeat the encryption I would guess. I would like to find a way to verify the self-signed certificates here.

Why are the below hash values not equal ?

use feature 'say';

my $hash;

$hash{key1}{key2} = 'val1';
$hash->{key1}->{key2} = 'val2';

say $hash{key1}{key2};
say $hash->{key1}->{key2};

=comment
Expected: 
val2
val2

Actual:
val1
val2
=cut
[download]

WoW! Just realised I haven't been on PM for far too long...where does the time go???
I've not been developing anything new recently as my time has been spent in other parts of the business...

Anyway, enough rambling...

As a bit of a hobby project, I'm trying to make a RaspberryPi power this LCD unit. Pretty much new ground for me, and I'm hoping to learn more about Debian and some of the lower-level Perl modules through this...

I've followed the instructions to get the LCD connected and the C demo program works so I know both the RaspberryPi and the LCD work and are connected together correctly.

So I'm left with several options on how to tackle this...here are some of them I've thought of, no doubt there are others:

• RPi::LCD
• RPi::WiringPi
• RPi::PIGPIO
• HiPi::Device::SPI
• HiPi::GPIO
• Device::SerialPort
• Low level code using Inline C
• Fcntl

So far, I've installed RPi::WiringPi which was a mission to do...

But, I haven't managed to get any code to operate the LCD.

Who has experience of this kind of LCD unit and which approach would you start with?

#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define N 1
  
typedef struct _acme {
  int data;
} * acme;

int main(void) {
  acme gizmo[N];
  gizmo[0] = (acme)malloc(sizeof(struct _acme));
  size_t msize = malloc_usable_size(gizmo[0]);
  printf("malloc_usable_size(gizmo[0]) %lu\n", msize);
  free(gizmo[0]);
  return (1);
}
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This always allocates 24 bytes - whatever i pass to malloc. I’m a bit confused. What do i miss? Thanks in advance for enlightenment.

Update: Thanks to all for the kind and helpful replies.

my @a;
my $proto1 = \@a;
my $proto2 = "@{\@a} 3 4";
@a = (1, 2);
print "@{$proto1}", "\n"; #OUTPUT: 1 2
print $proto2; #OUTPUT: 3 4, not what I want
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0.0232839584350586 my outside
0.0305099487304688 my inside
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use Time::HiRes qw(time);
my ($i);
my $start = time;
{
  my $x;
  for $i (1..1e6) {
    $x = 1;
  }
}
my $end = time;
printf "%s my outside\n", $end - $start;

$start = time;
for $i (1..1e6) {
  my $x = 1;
}
$end = time;
printf "%s my inside\n", $end - $start;
[download]

ps. normally, I auto login without passwd etc

I have tried

/([A-Za-z])\1{1}/
[download]

but this finds pairs of letters. My intent is to match only paired letters, not singular and not three or more.

"caab" should match

"cdaaadc" should not match

The reason is a puzzle I have been making for personal use. More in the nature of expanding my RE chops than anything else. Please let me know if I can provide more information or if there are any solutions to this. Thank you!

I've been away from Perl for almost 3 decades and I have a technichal interview coming for a Perl position. While I've already did some coding and coming back to write Perl feels comfortable, I wonder if you could enlighten me with some relevant issues for the Perl marketplace nowadays, and of course, provide some links.

• Frameworks for web development: what are the most popular ones?
• Changes to the language itself
• OO Perl?

I have a Text widget in which I need to mark 'invalid' characters by changing their colour. This works except for two cases:

If the char is a newline/return then the whole of the rest of the line in the Text widget has it's colour changed rather than just the single char position after the last word.

I am highlighting space characters with a tag. When the text widget word wraps the text all of the remainder of the line is highlighted as if there were multiple spaces filling the end of the line.

It appears that the text widget is treating all of the white space displayed at the end of each word wrapped line as a single character.

Is this expected? Is this a bug? Is there a way of preventing this?

Colin