Re: What language should I learn?

[BrowserUk]

in which I can make an easy(ish) transition from Perl?

For something completely different, but which will improve your Perl in ways you never dreamed of and just might become a favorite for recreational programming, take a look at Pure

This is not an "easy transition" in the sense that is it not 'perl with objects and nothing but objects'; or 'perl with bondage and only one way to do things'; or even 'perl without the sigils and memory management'. That is, you won't find yourself writing a perl program and then tweaking the syntax a bit to make it work in Pure. Pure is resolutely and unashamedly a Functional Programming language.

But is will be an easy transition in the sense that it is a dynamic scripting language. So no huge compilers and endless compile&link phases; no static types disciplinarianisms, nor the need to take a degree course to work out who Church was. Add a number to a string, and if the string contains a number, that's cool.

Just a simple edit/run development cycle with automatic memory management and useful error messages. And concise yet powerful code. As a teaser, here is a complete Sudoko solver written in Pure:

* Sudoku example by Peter Bernschneider. */
/* This is an example Sudoku solver inspired by the Queens example whi
+ch
   terminates in reasonable time. m1 is ZEIT-Online Sudoku of Dec 6th 
+2009.
   Interactive usage example: sudoku1 m1; 
*/
using matrices;
using system;

m1 = {0,0,3,9,0,2,0,0,0;
      0,0,0,0,0,0,2,3,1;
      0,0,0,0,0,3,5,0,9;
      5,8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;
      0,0,6,0,1,7,0,0,0;
      7,2,1,4,5,0,0,0,0;
      0,4,5,0,0,1,0,8,0;
      0,3,9,7,0,0,6,0,0;
      0,0,0,8,6,4,9,5,0};

m2 = {0,5,0,0,6,0,0,0,1;
      0,0,4,8,0,0,0,7,0;
      8,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,2;
      2,0,0,0,5,7,0,3,0;
      0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;
      0,3,0,6,9,0,0,0,5;
      7,9,0,0,0,0,0,0,8;
      0,1,0,0,0,6,5,0,0;
      5,0,0,0,3,0,0,6,0};

sudoku1 m = take 1 (sudoku m);
sudoku m  = search (0,0) m;

search (i,j) m = [m] if i>=9;
               = search (suc (i,j)) m if m!(i,j)~=0;
               = cat [ search (suc (i,j)) (set (i,j) n m) |
                      n = 1..9; safe (i,j) n m ];

safe (i,j) n m = all (~=n) (row m i) && all (~=n) (col m j) &&
                  all (~=n) (sub (i,j) m);

sub (i,j) m = m!!(spli (i div 3), spli (j div 3));

spli k = 3*k..3*k+2;

set (i0,j0) n0 m = { if (i,j)==(i0,j0) then n0 else m!(i,j) |
                        i=0..8; j=0..8 };

suc (i,j) = (i,j+1) if j+1<9;
          = (i+1,0) otherwise;

__show__ x::matrix = strcat [printi j (x!(i,j))|i=0..8; j=0..8] + "\n"
  with printi 0 = sprintf "\n%1i"; printi _ = sprintf "%1i" end;

It will make you think differently about programming, but that is all to the good. Even if it doesn't become a favourite for solving real world programming problems, a little exposure to FP will have good knock-on affects on the way you code in Perl. And Pure has the shallowest learning curve of any of the at least 10 FP languages I've looked at.