http://www.perlmonks.org?node_id=950020


in reply to Parens mess up regex substitute

Because in perl's regular expression language parens have meaning, they're meta characters, specifically, they're called capturing parens. Anything matched in capturing parens, is stored in a number variable ($1,$2 ...)

see perlre, perlretut

To see how the regex engine does matching,  use re 'debug';