${${$VAR1}[0]}{41} #### my $VAR2 = [ 101, 201, 42 ]; print $VAR2->[0],' ',${$VAR2}[0]; ------- 101 101 #### my $VAR3 = [ {'101'=>'hel', '201'=>'lo', '42'=>'world'} ]; print $VAR3->[0]->{42},' ',${${$VAR3}[0]}{42}; ------- world world #### print $VAR3->[0]{42}; --- world #### my @VAR4 = ( {'101'=>'hel', '201'=>'lo', '42'=>'world'},' dereffed' ); print @VAR4,' ',$VAR4[0]->{42},' ',${$VAR4[0]}{42}; ------- HASH(0x3e81a4) dereffed world world