Best I could come up with is this:
use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.010;
use Test::More;
use Test::Deep;
my $structure = [ { alpha => 'alpha-foo',
beta => 18,
gamma => 'opt-bar' },
{ alpha => 'alpha-foo',
beta => 18 } ];
my $structure_extra = [ { alpha => 'alpha-foo',
beta => 18,
gamma => 'opt-bar',
delta => 'huh' },
{ alpha => 'alpha-foo',
beta => 18 } ];
my $structure_failing = [ { alpha => 'alpha-foo',
beta => 18,
gamma => 'copt-bar' },
{ alpha => 'alpha-foo',
beta => 18 } ];
my %minimal = ( alpha => re('^alpha(.*)'),
beta => re('\d+') );
my %optional = ( gamma => re('^opt(.*)') );
my $validator = array_each(superhashof(\%minimal) & subhashof({%minima
+l, %optional}));
cmp_deeply($structure, $validator);
cmp_deeply($structure_extra, $validator);
cmp_deeply($structure_failing, $validator);
done_testing;
$structure passes the test, the other two fail. This can easily be modified to add new mandatory elements (add them to %minimal) and new optional elements (add them to %optional).
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