> Even substr('Ĉon Flux', 0, 1) returns a space character.
No, it works correctly. But you need to handle the encoding appropriately: tell Perl what encoding is used on input (binmode on *DATA below), what encoding is used in the source code (here utf8), and what encoding is used on output (binmode on *STDOUT). Configure the terminal to use the output encoding.
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use utf8;
use feature qw{ say };
binmode *STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
say substr('Ĉon Flux', 0, 1);
binmode *DATA, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
say substr <DATA>, 0, 1;
__DATA__
Ĉon Flux
Output:
Ĉ
Ĉ
map{substr$_->[0],$_->[1]||0,1}[\*||{},3],[[]],[ref qr-1,-,-1],[{}],[sub{}^*ARGV,3]
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