When I was still a university student, the CS department was steeped in Scheme. Meanwhile, in engineering, we were using C and a little assembly language as needed. One of the CS classes I took also used some Pascal (because the professor was steeped in Pascal and still learning Scheme). A few of the engineering libraries were written in FORTRAN, still around because "if it ain't broke, don't replace it". But mostly, we coded in C.

Now, many years later, as a professional developer in the embedded market, still using C. In the testing group, many of the tools they use have various dialects of Lua as scripting languages. Several use Excel spreadsheets as their scripting "language". A few use "Labview" (National Instruments' graphical programming system for their test controllers).

Perl is our data munging and "build script" language. It gets the job done, usually very nicely.

The IT departments of my current and past 2 employers code in Power Shell, C# and SAP Scripting language.

The network admins, though, use Perl and bash.

I don't know what other companies use.