If you want big-endian byte order:
pack: $s = substr(pack('l>', $n), 1);
unpack: $n = unpack('l>', "$s\0")/256;
If you want little-endian byte order:
pack: $s = substr(pack('l<', $n), 0, 3);
unpack: $n = unpack('l<', "\0$s")/256;
PS — Going from 3 to 4 increases the space needed by 33%, not 25%.
Update: Slightly simpler solutions.
Update: The /256 got dropped when I posted my solution. Fixed.
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