use warnings; use strict; use Data::Dump; use Set::IntSpan; my @chars = grep {!/^[aeiouy]$/i} 'a'..'z','A'..'Z'; dd join '', map { no warnings 'redundant'; sprintf $$_[0]==$$_[1] ? "%X\n" : "%X %X\n", @$_ } Set::IntSpan->new( map {ord} @chars )->spans; __END__ "42 44\n46 48\n4A 4E\n50 54\n56 58\n5A\n62 64\n66 68\n6A 6E\n70 74\n76 78\n7A\n"