sub subindex inline{ $_[0]=substr($_[0],index($_[0],$_[1],$_2])) } #### trim(string,tt/leftcharacter_set/, tt/right_character_set/); #### for($var){ when($_ eq 'b'){ ...;} # means if ($var eq 'b') { ... ; last} when($_ >'c'){...;} } # for #### my rc==0; for(...){ if (condition1) { $rc=1; last;} elsif(...){$rc=2; last} } if ($rc==0){...} elif($rc==1){...} elif($rc==3){...} #### for ...{ when (...); when (...); }after{ default: 1: ... 2: ... }