my @list = qw/a b c d d a e b a b d e f/; my @uniq = keys %{{ map {$_ => 1} @list }}; print "@list\n@uniq\n"; __output__ a b c d d a e b a b d e f e f a b c d #### map { $_ => 1 } @list #### { map { $_ => 1 } @list } #### keys %{ { map { $_ => 1 } @list } }