I did a small Perl script to parse your output, here are the results when processing the file:
16384:
total nb: 613635
total time: 6885255
avg time: 11.2204404898678
-1:
total nb: 3779378
total time: 10540192
avg time: 2.78886949122316
11.22 us in average for the "productive" calls of the SSL_read() function from libssl
2.79 us in average for the "unproductive" calls of the SSL_read() function from libssl
The "unproductive" calls timing at libssl side seems pretty consistent with the timing I have for the sysread calls in the non-SSL case (2.73 us).