The naming conventions are, at least in my opinion, easily confused.
The use of spaces and capitalisation can make a lot of difference.
For versions where $^O returns MacOS, see perlmacos
(that's the most recent online perldoc [for 5.26.1]).
Note the versions of Perl where support was dropped and then removed.
See perlport (5.8.9) > PLATFORMS > Mac OS
for historical information (including use of the ":" separator).
Mac versions 10.x started roughly 20 years ago.
They were originally called "Mac OS X".
Around version 10.10 — I don't have exact information to hand — that became "macOS".
(I don't know why.)
They all use the "/" separator (same as any UNIX-like system).
I have personal knowledge of versions from 10.7 "Mac OS X" to 10.12 "macOS" (I've used most but not all).
To the best of my knowledge, for all of these versions, $^O has always returned darwin.
$ perl -le 'print $^O'
darwin
Unless support for very old hardware is intended,
coding for $^O returning MacOS
is probably unnecessary (except, perhaps, for a warning about an unsupported operating system).
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