use warnings; use strict; my %c = ( hey=>'Joe', where=>'you goin\'', with=>'that gun in your hand'); if (defined $c{Hendrix}) { print "Jimi is alive and well\n"; } foreach ( sort keys %c ) { print "Key : $_ => $c{$_}\n"; } #### $hash{key} = undef; #defined $hash{key} false, exists $hash{key} true #### perl -e 'print "How sweet does a rose smell? "; chomp ($n = ); $rose = "smells sweet to degree $n"; *other_name = *rose; print "$other_name\n"'