To understand that line you must know the effects of using unless (and if I'm asking the questions that will quickly turn into what Perl considers true and false values) as well as execution order in a statement. Put concicely, it says that if $c exists and is true maintain it's value, otherwise set it to 1.
Wrong. It is an anomoly caused by the interaction between lexical scopes created by "my" and postfix conditionals. To put it correctly, if $c is false, then set it to one. If $c is true then set it to undef. If you actually try running that snippet you'll learn what it really does.
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