led me to try and find an extremely fast way of determining the number of unrestricted partitions of an integer. I was suprised to find that nothing on
did this already (or at least I couldn't find anything). So once I solved the problem, I decided to throw together some code and perhaps upload it.
package Integer::Partition::Unrestricted;
use strict;
use warnings;
use Carp;
use Math::BigInt;
our $VERSION = '0.01';
sub new {
my $class = shift;
croak "Incorrect number of parameters" if @_ % 2;
my $self = bless {}, $class;
$self->_Init(@_);
return $self;
}
sub pos {
my ($self, $new_pos) = @_;
return $self->{POS} if ! defined $new_pos;
croak "The 'pos' argument must be a non-negative integer" if $new_
+pos =~ /[^0-9]/;
croak "Out of range 'pos'" if $new_pos > $#{$self->{PART}};
return $self->{POS} = $new_pos;
}
sub last_pos {
my $self = shift @_;
return $#{$self->{PART}};
}
sub val {
my ($self, $pos) = @_;
my $last = $self->last_pos();
$pos = $last if ! defined $pos;
croak "The 'pos' argument must be a non-negative integer" if $pos
+=~ /[^0-9]/;
return $self->{PART}[$pos] if $pos <= $last;
$self->_Add_Partitions($last + 1, $pos);
return $self->{PART}[$self->last_pos()];
}
sub next {
my $self = shift @_;
if ($self->pos() < $self->last_pos()) {
$self->pos($self->pos() + 1);
return $self->val($self->pos());
}
$self->_Add_Partitions($self->last_pos() + 1, $self->last_pos() +
+1);
$self->pos($self->pos() + 1);
return $self->val($self->pos());
}
sub prev {
my $self = shift @_;
$self->pos($self->pos() - 1) if $self->pos();
return $self->val($self->pos());
}
sub gen_iter {
my ($self, $target) = @_;
$target = $self->pos() if ! defined $target;
croak "The 'gen_iterator' argument must be a positive integer" if
+$target =~ /[^0-9]/;
my @part = (0, (1) x ($target - 1));
my $done = undef;
return sub {
return () if $done;
my $min = $part[-2];
my $total = $part[0] ? 0 : 1;
my $index = 0;
for (0 .. $#part - 1) {
if ($part[$_] > $min) {
$total += $part[$_];
next;
}
$index = $_;
last;
}
$part[$index]++;
$total += $part[$index];
if ($total > $target || $part[$index] > $part[0]) {
@part = ($index ? ++$part[0] : $part[0], (1) x ($target -
+$part[0]));
}
else {
@part = (@part[0 .. $index], (1) x ($target - $total));
push @part, 1 if $part[0] == 1;
}
$done = 1 if $part[0] == $target;
return @part;
};
}
sub _Init {
my ($self, %opt) = @_;
my $n = 1;
$n = delete $opt{init} if exists $opt{init};
croak "The 'init' option must be a positive integer" if ! $n || $n
+ =~ /\D/;
croak "Invalid option provided" if %opt;
$self->_Set_Defaults();
$self->_Add_Partitions(1, $n);
return;
}
sub _Set_Defaults {
my $self = shift @_;
$self->{PART} = [ Math::BigInt->new(1) ];
$self->{PENT} = [ 0 ];
$self->{POS} = 0;
return;
}
sub _Add_Partitions {
my ($self, $min, $max) = @_;
$self->_Add_Pent($max);
for my $i ($min .. $max) {
my $sum = 0;
for my $j (1 .. $self->_Find_Idx($i)) {
if (($j % 4) % 3) {
$sum += $self->{PART}[$i - $self->{PENT}[$j]];
}
else {
$sum -= $self->{PART}[$i - $self->{PENT}[$j]];
}
}
$self->{PART}[$i] = $sum;
}
return;
}
sub _Add_Pent {
my ($self, $max) = @_;
my $need = int(sqrt($max + 1)) * 2 + 1;
return if $need <= @{$self->{PENT}};
my $last = $self->_Pent_2_N();
for ($last + 1 .. ($need - 1) / 2) {
push @{$self->{PENT}}, ($_ * (3 * $_ - 1) / 2), (-$_ * (3 * -$
+_ - 1) / 2);
}
return;
}
sub _Pent_2_N {
my $self = shift @_;
my $c = $self->{PENT}[-1];
my $x = (1 + sqrt(1 - (4 * 3 * -2 * $c))) / 6;
return abs($x) if $x == int($x);
return abs((1 - sqrt(1 - (4 * 3 * -2 * $c))) / 6);
}
sub _Find_Idx {
my ($self, $tgt) = @_;
my $min = 0;
my $max = $#{$self->{PENT}};
my $mid;
while ($min <= $max) {
$mid = int(($min + $max) / 2);
my $val = $self->{PENT}[$mid];
return $mid if $val == $tgt;
$tgt < $val ? ($max = $mid - 1) : ($min = $mid + 1);
}
return $self->{PENT}[$mid] < $tgt ? $mid : $mid - 1;
}
"This statement is false";
__END__
=head1 NAME
Integer::Partition::Unrestricted - Work with unrestricted integer part
+itions
=head1 VERSION
Version 0.01 developed on 2006-02-27
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use Integer::Partition::Unrestricted;
my $part = Integer::Partition::Unrestricted->new(init => 100);
my $last = $part->last_pos();
while ($part->pos() <= $last) {
my $pos = $part->pos();
print "$pos = ", $part->val($pos), "\n";
$part->next();
}
my $next = $part->gen_iter(10);
while (my @part = $next->()) {
print "@part\n";
}
$part->pos(0);
print $part->prev();
=head1 DESCRIPTION
This module allows you to work with unrestricted integer partitions
=head1 SYNTAX
The new() constructor can be called with a hash of additional options
my $part = Integer::Partition::Unrestricted->new();
or
my $part = Integer::Partition::Unrestricted->new(init => 42);
=head1 OPTIONS
=over 4
=item init
This option allows you to specify an initial number of integer partiti
+ons
my $part = Integer::Partition::Unrestricted->new(init => 1000);
=back
=head1 METHODS
=head2 pos
This method returns the current iterator position if no arguments are
+specified.
You can set the position any where between 0 and L<"last_pos">
my $curr_pos = $part->pos();
# Set iterator to end of currently calculated partitions
$part->pos($part->last_pos());
=head2 last_pos
This method returns the position of the last calculated parition
my $calculated = $part->last_pos();
=head2 val
This method returns the number of partitions of the integer provided a
+rgument.
It will default to using L<"pos"> if no argument is provided.
If the specified value exceed L<"last_pos">, as many new partitions wi
+ll be
calculated as necessary.
# The number of integer partitions of 100 is
print $part->val(100), "\n";
=head2 next
This method increments L<"pos"> by 1 and returns the number of partiti
+ons
for that value. It will increment L<"last_pos"> by 1 and calculate th
+e next
integer partition if necessary.
# Set position to end of calculated values
my $n = $part->last_pos();
$part->pos($n);
# Print number of positions for next integer
print $n + 1, " = ", $part->next(), "\n";
=head2 prev
This method decrements L<"pos"> by 1 and returns the number of partiti
+ons
for that value. It will always return 1 at position 0.
my $prev_val = $part->prev();
=head2 gen_iter
Sometimes it is necessary to know more than just the number of partiti
+ons.
This method will return an code ref to iterate over the partitions of
the integer argument specified. It will default to L<"pos"> if no arg
+s are supplied.
$part->pos(42);
my $next = $part->gen_iter();
while (my @part = $next->()) {
print "@part\n";
}
=head1 AUTHOR
Joshua Gatcomb, <Limbic_Region_2000@Yahoo.com>
=head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This module was inspired by a problem in Project Euler
(L<http://mathschallenge.net/index.php?section=project&ref=about>)
=head1 BUGS
None known. Bug reports, fixes, and feedback are desired.
=head1 PERFORMANCE
While this module is pure perl and is OO, it is fairly fast and attemp
+ts not to
waste memory. I am sure there could be plenty of improvements and I w
+elcome
suggestions (preferrably as patches).
=head1 COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 2006 Joshua Gatcomb. All rights reserved.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it
and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
=head1 SEE ALSO
The following links may be helpful if you don't know what an integer p
+artition is
L<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_partition>
L <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Partition.html>
=cut
Beyond needing a test suite, I also considered adding a couple of methods to peek at values without changing the position. Feel free to comment on that or any other new methods you think might be useful.