in reply to Counter - number of tags per interval
After analyzing the numbers you provided, I suppose that intersections of different ranges are comparatively rare and if they appear they stretch over long distances.
So it doesn't really make sense to go into the count loop for each individual point, just go on counting the "1" till you reach the next "boundary" and add them collectively to your counter instead incrementing them one by one with++.
The boundaries are nothing else as the sorted list of range starts-1 and stops. In your example for ID "b"
ID start stop ... b 10 15 b 12 15
this means [9,11,15].
and results in the following flow
0-9 => ignore 10-11 => count 1 x "1" => add 1 to range [10-15] 12-15 => count 4 x "1" => add 4 to range [10-15] and [12-15] 16- => ignore
As you see, you can also stop counting between ranges and even try to jump forward in the file with seek.
HTH! =)
Update: Approximation
3e6 Intervals/50 IDs *2 Borders = 120000 Borders
6e9 Points / ID
=> in average 6e9/12e4=50000 points between two adjacent borders, where you can avoid the whole count loop.
This should lead to a considerable boost!
Cheers Rolf
( addicted to the Perl Programming Language)