The inner scope doesn't get a copy of the match variables, rather the optree for the inner scope just has reference to the outer scope match variables--the opnode pointers point to the same memory. (Or they did the last time I looked, though some of this code was touched to fix crashes in Windows forking perl and iThreads for 5.8.0)
You're right about the references--\$1 makes reference to the magic match variable which always refers to the active first match, as it works its magic by peering at the current optree pointers. I'll go patch that bit up.
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