Precompiling regexes can make a dramatic difference. Compare the stats below for u1 vs u5 -- there's an 868% speedup on my box!
Nevertheless, the backreference is just a better algo, and it still wins.
use Benchmark qw( cmpthese ) ;
my $digits = 2491306578;
my @regexes = map { qr/$_/ } 0 .. 9;
cmpthese( -5, {
u1 => sub{
for ( 0 .. 9 ) {
return 0 if $digits !~ /$_/;
}
return 1;
},
u2 => sub{
my @x = sort split //, $digits;
my $x = join "", @x;
$x =~ tr/0-9//s;
length $x == 10 ? return 1 : return 0;
},
u3 => sub {
return 0 if $digits =~ /(\d).*\1/; return 1;
},
u4 => sub {
return $digits !~ /(.).*\1/;
},
u5 => sub {
for (@regexes) {
return 0 if $digits !~ $_;
}
return 1;
}
Rate u1 u2 u5 u3 u4
u1 10555/s -- -71% -90% -93% -93%
u2 35955/s 241% -- -65% -76% -76%
u5 102215/s 868% 184% -- -32% -32%
u3 149240/s 1314% 315% 46% -- -1%
u4 150091/s 1322% 317% 47% 1% --